托福考試的詞匯量是很大的，有時(shí)候還會(huì)有一些生僻詞、難詞，所以這時(shí)候就需要我們能夠聯(lián)系上下文，通過(guò)上下文猜測(cè)出單詞的意思，進(jìn)而猜測(cè)出句子的意思。最終幫助我們明白整篇文章的意思。2020年全國(guó)新東方在線托福輔導(dǎo)機(jī)構(gòu)試題及答案。

 

　　As the twentieth century began, the importance of formal education in the United States increased. The frontier had mostly disappeared and by 1910 most Americans lived in towns and cities. Industrialization and the bureaucratization of economic life combined with a new emphasis upon credentials and expertise to make schooling increasingly important for economic and social mobility. Increasingly, too, schools were viewed as the most important means of integrating immigrants into American society.

 

　　The arrival of a great wave of southern and eastern European immigrants at the turn of the century coincided with and contributed to an enormous expansion of formal schooling. By 1920 schooling to age fourteen or beyond was compulsory in most states, and the school year was greatly lengthened. Kindergartens, vacation schools, extracurricular activities, and vocational education and counseling extended the influence of public schools over the lives of students, many of whom in the larger industrial cities were the children of immigrants. Classes for adult immigrants were sponsored by public schools, corporations, unions, churches, settlement houses, and other agencies. Reformers early in the twentieth century suggested that education programs should suit the needs of specific populations. Immigrant women were one such population. Schools tried to educate young women so they could occupy productive places in the urban industrial economy, and one place many educators considered appropriate for women was the home.

 

　　Although looking after the house and family was familiar to immigrant women, American education gave homemaking a new definition. In preindustrial economies, homemaking had meant the production as well as the consumption of goods, and it commonly included income-producing activities both inside and outside the home, in the highly industrialized early-twentieth-century United States, however, overproduction rather than scarcity was becoming a problem. Thus, the ideal American homemaker was viewed as a consumer rather than a producer. Schools trained women to be consumer homemakers cooking, shopping, decorating, and caring for children "efficiently" in their own homes, or if economic necessity demanded, as employees in the homes of others. Subsequent reforms have made these notions seem quite out-of-date.

 

　　1. It can be inferred from paragraph 1 that one important factor in the increasing importance of education in the United States was

 

　　(A) the growing number of schools in frontier communities

 

　　(B) an increase in the number of trained teachers

 

　　(C) the expanding economic problems of schools

 

　　(D) the increased urbanization of the entire country

 

　　2. The word "means" in line 6 is closest in meaning to

 

　　(A) advantages

 

　　(B) probability

 

　　(C) method

 

　　(D) qualifications

 

　　3. The phrase "coincided with" in line 8 is closest in meaning to

 

　　(A) was influenced by

 

　　(B) happened at the same time as

 

　　(C) began to grow rapidly

 

　　(D) ensured the success of

 

　　4. According to the passage , one important change in United States education by the 1920's was that

 

　　(A) most places required children to attend school

 

　　(B) the amount of time spent on formal education was limited

 

　　(C) new regulations were imposed on nontraditional education

 

　　(D) adults and children studied in the same classes

 

　　5. Vacation schools and extracurricular activities are mentioned in lines 10-11 to illustrate

 

　　(A) alternatives to formal education provided by public schools

 

　　(B) the importance of educational changes

 

　　(C) activities that competed to attract new immigrants to their programs.

 

　　(D) the increased impact of public schools on students.

 

　　6. According to the passage , early-twentieth century education reformers believed that

 

　　(A) different groups needed different kinds of education

 

　　(B) special programs should be set up in frontier communities to modernize them

 

　　(C) corporations and other organizations damaged educational progress

 

　　(D) more women should be involved in education and industry

 

　　7. The word "it" in line 22 refers to

 

　　(A) consumption

 

　　(B) production

 

　　(C) homemaking

 

　　(D) education

 

　　正確答案： DCBADAC

 

2020年全國(guó)新東方在線托福輔導(dǎo)機(jī)構(gòu)試題及答案。做題時(shí)，根據(jù)題干或選項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵詞回歸文章尋找重現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵詞或其釋義的語(yǔ)言區(qū)域，同時(shí)排除相應(yīng)的選項(xiàng)。